Marcadores moleculares y genes asociados a calidad de carne en el ganado bovino
Molecular markers and genes associated with meat quality in cattle
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La carne bovina es una fuente de proteína, la cual posee propiedades fisicoquímicas como la terneza, jugosidad, marmóreo, sabor y retención de agua, que influyen sobre la calidad de la misma. En la actualidad, con ayuda técnicas moleculares como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, electroforesis y secuenciación, donde se pueden analizar y detectar marcadores moleculares, se ha descubierto en varias razas bovinas que cambios de algún nucleótido en genes como la calpaína y la calpastatina principalmente, pueden afectar las propiedades antes mencionadas generando una carne mucho mas llamativa para el consumidor, por esta razón el uso de marcadores moleculares como una herramienta de selección cada día toma mas fuerzas, debido a que se puede obtener la información de que caracteristicas tendrá la carne de un individuo y de la descendencia, con el simple hecho de analizar una muestra biológica que contenga su ADN, en la presente revisión se describen algunos genes que tienen efecto sobre las propiedades de la carne y se mencionan polimorfismos de nucleótidos que pueden afectarlas, enfatizando en el gen calpaína y calpastatina, y su influencia en las distintas caracteristicas.
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