Abundancia y diversidad de peces predadores en lagos de Várzea de la Amazonia Central.
Abundance and diveristy of predatory fish in the Floodplain Lakes of the Central Amazonia
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Resumen
La diversidad de peces en los lagos de várzea de la Amazonia es favorecida por la alta heterogeneidad espacial y por la interconectividad entre estos lagos y el canal principal del rio, regulada por el ciclo hidrológico. La depredación se tiene como un factor determinante en la estructuración de las asambleas de peces de la región neotropical. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la abundancia y diversidad de peces predadores que habitan lagos de várzea en la región del medio río Solimoes, Amazonia Central de Brasil. Las colectas fueron realizadas en los meses de mayo y agosto de 2011, correspondientes a ños períodos hidrológicos de llenado y vaciado, en tres lagos de várzea en río Solimoes: lago Padre (S03°19’66,1/W59°93’14,8), Camaleão (S 03°66’43,23; W60°90’98,16) y lago Cacauzinho (S 03°66’86,14; W60°87’11,98). Para La captura se utilizaron redes agalladeras, dispuestas en las áreas de agua abierta y bosque inundado. El tiempo de muestreo fue de 48 horas en cada lago. Se colectaron 1.813 especímenes de peces predadores, distribuidos en 26 especies, 11 familias y 5 órdenes. Characiformes fue el orden más abundante con un número mayor de representantes en la familia Characidae. Las especies más abundantes fueron Pygocentrus nattereri (963 individuos) y Serrasalmus rhombeus (301 individuos). Las estimativas de diversidad, equitatividad y dominancia presentaron baja variación entre los períodos hidrológicos y hábitats. Apenas la riqueza de especies fue diferente entre las fases de llenado y vaciado de l ciclo hidrológico.
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