Suplementación con aceite de girasol sobre ácidos grasos de la leche en una lechería tropical

Supplementation with sunflower oil on milk fatty acids in a tropical dairy farm

Contenido principal del artículo

ESPERANZA PRIETO-MANRIQUE
JULIO VARGAS-SÁNCHEZ
JOAQUÍN ANGULO-ARIZALA
LILIANA MAHECHA-LEDESMA,

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación alimenticia con aceite de girasol (0, 2 y 4% de la materia seca), sobre el consumo de forraje, la producción, composición, concentración de ácidos grasos de la leche y sobre la relación beneficio-costo, en una finca del sistema de producción lechería tropical donde los animales pastoreaban pasto Estrella (Cynodon plectostachyus). Se trabajó con nueve vacas, con más de dos partos y entre 70 -110 días de lactancia. Se utilizó un diseño de cuadrado latino de sobrecambio, 3 X 3 (periodos de 21 días), repitiendo cada tratamiento tres veces. En el tratamiento 0%, no se ofreció suplementación con aceite. Las vacas suplementadas con los niveles 2 y 4% de aceite de girasol (63.32% de ácido linoleico y 28.32% de ácido oleico) recibieron 250 y 500 g aceite/animal/día, respectivamente. El consumo de forraje, la producción y composición de la leche no fueron afectadas (P>0.05) por los tratamientos. La proporción de ácido linoleico conjugado c9t11 (CLA-c9t11) en la leche tendió (P=0.0799) a aumentar, los ácidos transvaccénico y oleico aumentaron linealmente con los dos niveles de suplementación y los ácidos grasos aterogénicos C12:0, C14:0 y C16:0 disminuyeron (P<0.05), obteniéndose una leche con mayor cantidad de ácidos grasos insaturados y menor índice de aterogenicidad, que ofrece beneficios para la salud humana. La relación beneficio-costo fue mayor a nivel de suplementación de 2%, si la leche se mercadea con un valor diferencial por contenido de CLA-c9t11.

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