Ácidos orgánicos, microbiota, salud intestinal y respuesta productiva en pollos de engorde
Organic acids, microbiota, gut health and productive response in broilers chickens Ácidos orgánicos en pollos de engorde
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Resumen
Desde mediados del siglo pasado, el uso de antibióticos promotores de crecimiento en los piensos ha mejorado el rendimiento de varias especies animales productoras de alimentos. Sin embargo, la resistencia bacteriana a estos fármacos amenaza a la salud pública ha conducido a su prohibición en la alimentación animal. Esto ha incrementado los problemas entéricos en pollos de engorde y, en consecuencia, el uso de antibióticos con fines terapéuticos. En este contexto, se han propuesto varias alternativas a los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento, entre estas, los ácidos orgánicos que, de acuerdo con sus propiedades físicas y químicas, modifican la composición de la microbiota intestinal, cuyos metabolitos, como los ácidos grasos de cadena corta, favorecen la morfología, fisiología, integridad e inmunidad intestinal, aspectos que contribuyen a preservar la salud de este órgano y a incrementar la biodisponibilidad de nutrientes y, en última instancia, a mejorar la respuesta productiva de las aves. Esta revisión describe las principales características de los ácidos orgánicos comúnmente utilizados en la industria avícola, sus mecanismos de acción y sus efectos, individualmente, en combinaciones de ácidos orgánicos o con bioactivos, sobre la microbiota, sus metabolitos, y cómo esto afecta a la salud intestinal y al rendimiento productivo de pollos de engorde en diferentes condiciones sanitarias y ambientales, así como los factores que potencialmente interfieren con la actividad de los ácidos orgánicos.
Palabras clave: Alimentación Animal, Agentes Antibacterianos, Digestión, Disbiosis, Mucosa Intestinal, Salud Pública. (DeCS).
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- Sociedad académica
- Universidad de Sucre
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- Universidad de Sucre
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