Ácidos orgánicos, microbiota, salud intestinal y respuesta productiva en pollos de engorde
Organic acids, microbiota, gut health and productive response in broilers chickens Ácidos orgánicos en pollos de engorde
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Desde mediados del siglo pasado, el uso de antibióticos promotores de crecimiento en los piensos ha mejorado el rendimiento de varias especies animales productoras de alimentos. Sin embargo, la resistencia bacteriana a estos fármacos amenaza a la salud pública ha conducido a su prohibición en la alimentación animal. Esto ha incrementado los problemas entéricos en pollos de engorde y, en consecuencia, el uso de antibióticos con fines terapéuticos. En este contexto, se han propuesto varias alternativas a los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento, entre estas, los ácidos orgánicos que, de acuerdo con sus propiedades físicas y químicas, modifican la composición de la microbiota intestinal, cuyos metabolitos, como los ácidos grasos de cadena corta, favorecen la morfología, fisiología, integridad e inmunidad intestinal, aspectos que contribuyen a preservar la salud de este órgano y a incrementar la biodisponibilidad de nutrientes y, en última instancia, a mejorar la respuesta productiva de las aves. Esta revisión describe las principales características de los ácidos orgánicos comúnmente utilizados en la industria avícola, sus mecanismos de acción y sus efectos, individualmente, en combinaciones de ácidos orgánicos o con bioactivos, sobre la microbiota, sus metabolitos, y cómo esto afecta a la salud intestinal y al rendimiento productivo de pollos de engorde en diferentes condiciones sanitarias y ambientales, así como los factores que potencialmente interfieren con la actividad de los ácidos orgánicos.
Palabras clave: Alimentación Animal, Agentes Antibacterianos, Digestión, Disbiosis, Mucosa Intestinal, Salud Pública. (DeCS).
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Referencias / Ver
Caekebeke N, Ringenier M, De Meyer F, Ducatelle R, Ongena N, Van Immerseel F, et al. A study on risk factors for macroscopic gut abnormalities in intensively reared broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 2020; 49(2):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1711019
Díaz Carrasco JM, Casanova NA, Fernández Miyakawa ME. Microbiota, Gut Health and Chicken Productivity: What Is the Connection?. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(10):374-389. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100374
Chattopadhyay MK. Use of antibiotics as feed additives: a burning question. Front Microbiol. 2014; 5(334):1-3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00334
Castanon JI. History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poult. Sci. 2007; 86(11):2466-2471. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00249
Redondo L, Chacana P, Dominguez J, Fernandez Miyakawa M. Perspectives in the use of tannins as alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter factors in poultry. Front. Microbiol. 2014; 5(118): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00118
Aboagye IA, Cordeiro MRC, McAllister TA, Ominski KH. Productivity-Enhancing Technologies. Can Consumer Choices Affect the Environmental Footprint of Beef?. Sustainability. 2021; 13(8):4283-4302. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084283
Oviedo-Rondón EO. Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2019; 250:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.009
Khan RU, Naz S, Raziq F, Qudratullah Q, Khan NA, Laudadio V, et al. Prospects of organic acids as safe alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens diet. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022; 29(22):32594-32604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19241-8
Hajati H. Application of organic acids in poultry nutrition. Int. j. avian wildl. biol. 2018; 3(4):324-329. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00114
Khan SH, Iqbal J. Recent advances in the role of organic acids in poultry nutrition. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 2016; 44(1):359-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1079527
Dittoe DK, Ricke SC, Kiess AS. Organic Acids and Potential for Modifying the Avian Gastrointestinal Tract and Reducing Pathogens and Disease. Front Vet Sci. 2018;5:1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00216
Clavijo V, Vives M. The gastrointestinal microbiome and its association with the control of pathogens in broiler chicken production: A review. Poult. Sci. 2018; 97(3):1006-1021. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex359
Borda-Molina D, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A. Current Perspectives of the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Microbiome. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. 2018; 16:131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2018.03.002
Kogut MH. The effect of microbiome modulation on the intestinal health of poultry. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2019; 250:32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.10.008
Wei S, Morrison M, Yu Z. Bacterial census of poultry intestinal microbiome. Poult. Sci. 2013; 92(3):671-683. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02822
Liao X, Shao Y, Sun G, Yang Y, Zhang L, Guo Y, et al. The relationship among gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal morphology of growing and healthy broilers. Poult. Sci. 2020; 99(11):5883-5895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.033
Pan D, Yu Z. Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet. Gut microbes. 2014; 5(1):108-119. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.26945
Zhou Q, Lan F, Li X, Yan W, Sun C, Li J, et al. The Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Gut Microbiota in Broilers. Front Vet Sci. 2021; 8: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.712226
Duangnumsawang Y, Zentek J, Goodarzi Boroojeni F. Development and Functional Properties of Intestinal Mucus Layer in Poultry. Front Immunol. 2021; 12:1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.745849
Shang Y, Kumar S, Oakley B, Kim WK. Chicken Gut Microbiota: Importance and Detection Technology. Front Vet Sci. 2018; 5:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00254
Yu K, Choi I, Yun CH. Immunosecurity: immunomodulants enhance immune responses in chickens. Anim Biosci. 2021; 34(3):321-337. https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.20.0851
Ducatelle R, Goossens E, De Meyer F, Eeckhaut V, Antonissen G, Haesebrouck F, et al. Biomarkers for monitoring intestinal health in poultry: present status and future perspectives. Vet. Res. 2018; 49(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0538-6
Kim JW, Kim JH, Kil DY. Dietary organic acids for broiler chickens: a review. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias. 2015; 28(2):109-123. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324917
Ragaa NM, Korany RMS. Studying the effect of formic acid and potassium diformate on performance, immunity and gut health of broiler chickens. Anim. Nutr. 2016; 2(4):296-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2016.08.003
Dai D, Qiu K, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Han YM, Wu YY, et al. Organic Acids as Alternatives for Antibiotic Growth Promoters Alter the Intestinal Structure and Microbiota and Improve the Growth Performance in Broilers. Front Microbiol. 2021; 11:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.618144
Ma J, Mahfuz S, Wang J, Piao X. Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Mixed Organic Acids on Immune Function, Antioxidative Characteristics, Digestive Enzymes Activity, and Intestinal Health in Broiler Chickens. FRONT NUTR. 2021; 8: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.673316
Sicard J-F, Le Bihan G, Vogeleer P, Jacques M, Harel J. Interactions of Intestinal Bacteria with Components of the Intestinal Mucus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017; 7: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00387
Adewole DI, Oladokun S, Santin E. Effect of organic acids–essential oils blend and oat fiber combination on broiler chicken growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal health. Anim Nutr. 2021; 7(4):1039-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.001
Caricilli AM, Castoldi A, Câmara NO. Intestinal barrier: A gentlemen’s agreement between microbiota and immunity. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2014; 5(1):18-32. https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v5.i1.18
Salvo-Romero E, Alonso-Cotoner C, Pardo-Camacho C, Casado-Bedmar M, Vicario M. The intestinal barrier function and its involvement in digestive disease. J Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas. 2015; 107:686-696. https://doi.org/10.17235/reed.2015.3846/2015
Park J, Kim M, Kang SG, Jannasch AH, Cooper B, Patterson J, et al. Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR–S6K pathway. Mucosal Immunology. 2015; 8(1):80-93. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2014.44
Peng J, Tang Y, Huang Y. Gut health: The results of microbial and mucosal immune interactions in pigs. Anim Nutr. 2021; 7(2):282-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.01.001
Yang X, Liu Y, Yan F, Yang C, Yang X. Effects of encapsulated organic acids and essential oils on intestinal barrier, microbial count, and bacterial metabolites in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 2019; 98(7):2858-2865. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez031
Kumar A, Toghyani M, Kheravii SK, Pineda L, Han Y, Swick RA, et al. Potential of blended organic acids to improve performance and health of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis. Anim Nutr. 2021; 7(2):440-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.006
Ali, A., Elagrb, H., Hamoud, M., Gamal, A., Mousa, M., Nasr, S., ElShater, M., Laban, S., Zahran, O., Ali, M. Effect of acidified drinking water by organic acids on broiler performance and gut health. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2020; 8(12):1301-1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.12.1301.1309
Manafi M, Hedayati M, Pirany N, Omede AA. Comparison of performance and feed digestibility of the non-antibiotic feed supplement (Novacid) and an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 2019; 98(2):904-911. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey437
Ding J, He S, Xiong Y, Liu D, Dai S, Hu H. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Fumaric Acid on Growth Performance, Blood Hematological and Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress. Braz J Poult Sci. 2020; 22(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1147
Zhang S, Shen YR, Wu S, Xiao YQ, He Q, Shi SR. The dietary combination of essential oils and organic acids reduces Salmonella enteritidis in challenged chicks. Poult Sci. . 2019; 98(12):6349-6355. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez457
Hernández F, García V, Madrid J, Orengo J, Catalá P, Megías MD. Effect of formic acid on performance, digestibility, intestinal histomorphology and plasma metabolite levels of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci. 2006; 47(1):50-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660500475574
Milbradt EL, Okamoto AS, Rodrigues JCZ, Garcia EA, Sanfelice C, Centenaro LP, et al. Use of organic acids and competitive exclusion product as an alternative to antibiotic as a growth promoter in the raising of commercial turkeys. Poult Sci. 2014; 93(7):1855-1861. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03593
Al-Mutairi HMS, Hussein EOS, Jar El Nabi AR, Swelum AA, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, et al. Does the Consumption of Acidified Drinking Water Affect Growth Performance and Lymphoid Organs of Broilers?. Sustainability. 2020; 12(8): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083093
Nguyen DH, Lee KY, Mohammadigheisar M, Kim IH. Evaluation of the blend of organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids in matrix coating as antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, excreta microflora, and carcass quality in broilers. Poult. Sci. 2018; 97(12):4351-4358. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey339
Santos RR, Awati A, Roubos-van den Hil PJ, van Kempen T, Tersteeg-Zijderveld MHG, Koolmees PA, et al. Effects of a feed additive blend on broilers challenged with heat stress. Avian Pathol. 2019; 48(6):582-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1648750
Sabour S, Tabeidian SA, Sadeghi G. Dietary organic acid and fiber sources affect performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses and gut microflora in broilers. Anim Nutr. 2019; 5(2):156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.07.004
Saleem K, Saima, Rahman A, Pasha TN, Mahmud A, Hayat Z. Effects of dietary organic acids on performance, cecal microbiota, and gut morphology in broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020; 52(6):3589-3596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02396-2
McKnight LL, Peppler W, Wright DC, Page G, Han Y. A blend of fatty acids, organic acids, and phytochemicals induced changes in intestinal morphology and inflammatory gene expression in coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 2019; 98(10):4901-4908. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez241
Wang H, Liang S, Li X, Yang X, Long F, Yang X. Effects of encapsulated essential oils and organic acids on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and microflora count of hens during the early laying period. Poult. Sci. 2019; 98(12):6751-6760. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez391
Pham VH, Kan L, Huang J, Geng Y, Zhen W, Guo Y, et al. Dietary encapsulated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves gut health in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2020; 11(18):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0421-y
Stefanello C, Rosa DP, Dalmoro YK, Segatto AL, Vieira MS, Moraes ML, et al. Protected Blend of Organic Acids and Essential Oils Improves Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Intestinal Health of Broiler Chickens Undergoing an Intestinal Challenge. Front. Vet. Sci. 2019; 6:1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00491