La endogamia en la producción animal

Inbreeding in animal production

Contenido principal del artículo

RICARDO OCAMPO G.
Estudiante de Maestría en Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Mejoramiento y Modelación Animal, GaMMA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
HENRY CARDONA C.
Profesor Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 3 Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Mejoramiento y Modelación Animal, GaMMA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.

Resumen

Se realizó una revisión literaria acerca de las ventajas y desventajas de utilizar la endogamia (cruce de individuos emparentados) directa o indirectamente en los sistemas de producción animal. La endogamia actúa en las poblaciones de animales silvestres y domesticadas reduciendo la variabilidad genética dentro de las poblaciones, disminuyendo la heterocigocidad, y aumentando la probabilidad de heredar a las siguientes generaciones alelos asociados a defectos genéticos, lo que se traduce finalmente en una reducción en la capacidad de adaptación de los animales al medio ambiente y un aumento en el riesgo de extinción. También se ha demostrado que el aumento de la endogamia a menudo se asocia con una reducción en el valor promedio de una o más características de interés económico en la producción animal. Es por esto que en los programas de mejoramiento genético y conservación es de vital importancia tener control sobre la endogamia para mantener la variabilidad genética dentro de las poblaciones animales a través del tiempo.

Palabras clave:

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Referencias (VER)

ALLENDE, R. 2007. ¿Por qué hacer inseminación artificial? Sitio Argentino de Producción Animal. Disponible en: http://www.produccion-animal.com.ar. Accesado en: 07/02/2013.

BARCACCIA, G.; FELICETTI, M.; GALLA G.; CAPOMACCIO, S.; CAPPELLI, K.; ALBERTINI, E.; BUTTAZZONI, L.; PIERAMATI, C.; SILVESTRELLI, M.; SUPPLIZI, V. 2013. Molecular analysis of genetic diversity, population structure and inbreeding level of the Italian Lipizzan horse. Rev Livestock Science 151:124-133.

BARRETA, J.; IÑIGUEZ, V.; SAAVEDRA, V.; ROMERO, F.; CALLISAYA, A.M.; ECHALAR, J.; GUTIÉRREZ-GIL, B.; ARRANZ, J.J. 2012. Genetic diversity and population structure of Bolivian alpacas. Rev Small Ruminant Research 105:97- 104.

BICHARD, M. 2002. Genetic improvement in dairy cattle an outsiders perspective. Rev Livestock Production Science 75:1-10.

BIJMA, P.; VAN ARENDONK, J.M.; WOLLIAMS J.A. 2001. Predicting rates of inbreeding for livestock improvement schemes. Rev Journal of Animal Science 79:840-853.

BLACKBURN, H.D.; WELSH, C.S. 2010. Inbreeding levels in swine: Ramifications for genetic diversity. The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy 27:5-6.

BRYDEN,C.A.; HEATH, J.W.; HEATH, D.D. 2004. Performance and heterosis in farmed and wild Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) hybrid and purebred crosses. Rev Aquaculture 235:249-261. BULAYEV, O.A.; PAVLOVA, T.A. 2009. The effect of inbreeding on aggregation of complex diseases in genetic isolates. Rev Russian Journal of Genetics 45:961- 968.

BURROW, HM. 1998. The effects of inbreeding on productive and adaptive traits and temperament of tropical beef cattle. Rev Livestock Production Science 55:227- 243.

CARAVIELLO, D.Z. 2004. Inbreeding in dairy cattle. The Babcock Institute. Disponible en: http://babcock.wisc.edu. Accesado en: 07/02/2013.

CASSELL, B.G. 2009. Inbreeding. Virginia Tech Cooperative Extension. Disponible en: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-080/404-080_pdf.pdf. Accesado en: 07/02/2013.

COLTMAN, D.W.; PILKINGTON, J.G.; SMITH, J.A.; PEMBERTON, J.M. 1999. Parasite-mediated selection against inbred Soay sheep in a freeliving, island population. Rev Evolution 53:1259-1267.

DARWIN, C. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.

DIXIT, S.P.; VERMA, N.K.; AGGARWAL, R.A.K.; VYAS, M.K.; RANA, J.; SHARMA, A.; TYAGI, P.; ULMEK, B.R. 2010. Genetic diversity and relationship among southern Indian goat breeds based on microsatellite markers. Rev Small Ruminant Research 91:153-159.

ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA AGRICULTURA-FAO. 2010. La situación de los recursos zoogenéticos mundiales para la alimentación y la agricultura. Roma.

FESSEHAYE, Y.; BOVENHUIS, H.; REZK, M.A.; CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A.; ARENDONK, J.A.M; KOMEN, J. 2009. Effects of relatedness and inbreeding on reproductive success of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Rev Aquaculture 294:180-186.

FUERST-WALTL, B.; FUERST, C. 2012. Effect of inbreeding depression on survival of Austrian Brown Swiss calves and heifers. Rev J. Dairy Sci 95:6086- 6092.

GAMA, L.T.; BRESSAN, M.C.; RODRIGUES, E.C.; ROSSATO, L.V.; MOREIRA, O.C.; ALVES, S.P.; BESSA, R.J. 2013. Heterosis for meat quality and fatty acid profiles in crosses among Bos indicus and Bos taurus finished on pasture or grain. Rev Meat Science 93:98-104.

GEROSA, S.; SKOET, J. 2013. Milk Availability: Trends in production and emand and medium-term Outlook. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura.

GOYARD, E.; GOARANT, C.; ANSQUER, D.; PIERRE, B.; DE DECKER, S.; DUFOUR, R.; GALINIE, C.; PEIGNON, J.; PHAM, D.; VOUREY, E.; HARACHE, Y.; PATROIS, J. 2008. Cross breeding of different domesticated lines as a simple way for genetic improvement in small aquaculture industries: Heterosis and inbreeding effects on growth and survival rates of the Pacific blue shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris). Rev Aquaculture 278:43-50.

GUEST, B. 2008. Consanguinidad en bovinos. Rev Angus 241:54-44.

GUITOU, H. 2010. Coeficiente de consanguinidad de un individuo. Sistemas de apareamiento. Rev Angus 248:31-37.

HANSEN, L.B. 2006. Monitoring the worldwide genetic supply for cattle with emphasis on managing crossbreeding and inbreeding. En: Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Memorias. Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

HAYES, B.J.; LEWIN, H.A.; GODDARD, M.E. 2013. The future of livestock breeding: genomic selection for efficiency, reduced emissions intensity, and adaptation. Rev Trends in Genetics. In press.

HEINS, B.J.; HANSEN, L.B.; SEYKORA, A.J. 2006. Fertility and survival of pure Holsteins versus crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red. Rev J. Dairy Sci 89:4944-4951.

HEINS, B.J.; HANSEN, L.B.; SEYKORA, A.J. 2006. Production of pure Holsteins versus crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red. Rev J. Dairy Sci 89:2799-2804.

HUBBARD, D.J.; SOUTHWOOD, O.I.; KENNEDY, B.W. 1990. Rates of inbreeding in Yorkshire, Landacre, Duroc, and Hampshire performance tested pigs in Ontario. Rev Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70:401-407.

KELLER, L.F.; WALLER, D.M. 2002. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Rev Trends Ecol Evol 17:230-241.

KELLER, L.F. 1994. Selection against inbred song sparrows during a natural population bottleneck. Rev Nature 372:356-357.

MARIE, J.; CHARPENTIER, E.; WILLIAMS, C. 2008. Inbreeding depression in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): genetic diversity predicts parasitism, immunocompetence, and survivorship. Rev Conservation Genetics 9:1605-1615.

MATZ, B. 2011. Crossing, grading, and keeping pure: animal breeding and exchange around 1860. Rev Endeavour 35:7-15.

MC PARLAND, S.; KEARNEY, J.F.; BERRY, D.P. 2007. Inbreeding effects on milk production, calving performance, fertility, and conformation in Irish Holstein- Friesians. Rev J. Dairy Sci 90:4411-4419.

MEUWISSEN, T.H.E. 1997. Maximizing the response of selection with a predefined rate of inbreeding. Rev Journal of Animal Science 75:934-940.

MIGLIOR, F.; BURNSIDE, E. 1995. Genetics and Breeding. Rev J. Dairy Sci 78:1167.

NOMURA, T.; HONDA, T.; MUKAI, F. 2001. Inbreeding and effective population size of Japanese black cattle. Rev Journal of Animal Science 79:366-370.

NORMAN, H.D.; POWELL, R.L.; WRIGHT, J.R.; SATTLER, C.G. 2001. Overview of progeny-test programs of artificial insemination organizations in the United States. Rev J. Dairy Sci 84:1899-1912.

NOTTER, D.R. 2013. Breeding of animals. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 2.ed. Oxforfd, UK.

NOTTER, D.R. 1999. The Importance of Genetic Diversity in Livestock Populations of the Future. Rev Journal of Animal Science 77:61-69.

PEDROSA, V.B.; SANTANA, M.L.; OLIVEIRA, P.S. 2010. Population structure and inbreeding effects on growth traits of Santa Ines sheep in Brazil. Rev Small Ruminant Research 93:135-139.

PEIXOTO, M.G.C.D.; POGGIAN, C.F.; VERNEQUE, R.S.; EGITO, A.A.; CARVALHO, V.M.; PENNA, J.A.G.; BERGMANN, J.A.G.; VICCINI, L.F.; MACHADO, M.A. 2010. Genetic basis and inbreeding in the Brazilian Guzerat (Bos indicus) subpopulation selected for milk production. Rev Livestock Science 131:168-174.

RALLS, K.; FRANKHAM, R.; BALLOU, J. 2013. Inbreeding and Outbreeding. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity 2. Ed. Oxford, UK.

RYE, M.; MAO, I.L. 1998. Nonadditive genetic effects and inbreeding depression for body weight in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Rev Livestock Production Science 57:15-22.

ROKOUEI, M.; TORSHIZI, R.V.; SHAHRBABAK, M.M.; SARGOLZAEI, M.; SORENSEN, A.C. 2010. Monitoring inbreeding trends and inbreeding depression for economically important traits of Holstein cattle in Iran. Rev J. Dairy Sci 93:3294- 3302.

SÁNCHEZ, J.E. 2013. Consanguinidad: Costo oculto para la ganadería de leche. Rev Selecta 1:11-14.

SANTANA, M.L.; ASPILCUETA-BORQUIS, R.R.; BIGNARDI, A.B.; et al. 2011. Population structure and effects of inbreeding on milk yield and quality of Murrah buffaloes. Rev J. Dairy Sci 94:5204-5211.

SANTANA, M.L.; OLIVERA, P.S.; PEDROSA, V.B.; ELER, J.P.; GROENEVELD, E.; FERRAZ, J.B.S. 2010. Effect of inbreeding on growth and reproductive traits of Nellore cattle in Brazil. Rev Livestock Science 131:212-217.

SMITH, C.; QUINTON, M. 1993. The Effect of selection in sublines and crossing on genetic response and inbreeding. Rev Journal of Animal Science 71:2631-2638.

SZULKIN, M.; STOPHER, K.V.; PEMBERTON, J.M. 2012. Inbreeding avoidance, tolerance, or preference in animals?. Rev Trends Ecol Evol. In press.

VAN WYK, J.B.; FAIR, M.D.; CLOETE, S.W.P. 2009. Case study: The effect of inbreeding on the production and reproduction traits in the Elsenburg Dormer sheep stud. Rev Livestock Science120:218-224.

WALLING, C.A.; NUSSEY, D.H.; MORRIS, A.; CLUTTON-BROCK, A.M.; LOESKE, E.K.; PEMBERTON, J.M. 2011. Inbreeding depression in red deer calves. Rev BMC Evolutionary Biology 11:318.

Citado por