Efectos adversos relacionados al uso de AINEs en el manejo de osteoartritis felina y canina

Adverse effects related to the use of NSAIDs in the management of feline and canine osteoarthritis

Contenido principal del artículo

Daniela González-Corrales
Tatiana Monge-Quirós
Ramses Alfaro-Mora

Resumen

El mecanismo de acción de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) consiste en reducir la producción de prostaglandinas (PG) a través de la inhibición de la enzima ciclooxigenasa (COX). Los pacientes más propensos a los efectos secundarios son aquellos de edad avanzada, debido a la reducción de su metabolismo y la excreción del fármaco. Se recomienda no administrar AINEs en pacientes hipovolémicos, deshidratados o hipotensos, y de especial cuidado en pacientes con disfunción cardíaca, renal, hepática, gastrointestinal y hemostática. Los AINEs han sido ampliamente utilizados en el tratamiento del dolor a largo plazo. La eficacia de carprofeno ha sido respaldada por la mayor cantidad de estudios, seguido por meloxicam y firocoxib. Sin embargo, estos pueden causar ulceraciones gástricas, perforaciones y hemorragias entre otros efectos adversos de tipo gastrointestinal, renal y hepático. Existe una marcada diferencia farmacocinética y farmacodinámica entre caninos y felinos que corresponden a diferencias en el metabolismo. La administración de ibuprofeno por lo general no se recomienda en perros, existe el riesgo de ocasionar efectos adversos como ulceraciones gástricas y perforaciones cuando se utiliza terapéuticamente, y posiblemente por muchos AINEs. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los principales efectos adversos relacionados al uso de AINEs en felinos y caninos, lograr identificar y seleccionar los que aún hoy en día se pueda administrar como analgésico y antiinflamatorio no esteroideo con fines terapéuticos, en el manejo de inflamación, dolor y fiebre en el manejo de osteoartritis (OA) en estas especies en el control y cuidado en los intervalos de dosificación.

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Biografía del autor/a (VER)

Daniela González-Corrales, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica. Escuela de Farmacia. San José, Costa Rica

Daniela González-Corrales. Lic.

dgcorrales93@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6457-0748

Universidad Latina de Costa Rica. Escuela de Farmacia. San José, Costa Rica.

Tatiana Monge-Quirós, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica. Escuela de Farmacia. San José, Costa Rica

Tatiana Monge-Quirós. Lic.

tatimq30@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5431-780X

Universidad Latina de Costa Rica. Escuela de Farmacia. San José, Costa Rica.

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